Banning Trans Women from Chess Tournaments is Ridiculous

No one asked for this.

(Me getting my ass kicked at the 2019 U.S. Women’s Open. Credit: Tim Hanks.)

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Last week, FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs), the international chess governing body, introduced new regulations that, among other things, essentially ban trans women from FIDE-sanctioned women’s tournaments and jeopardize the safety of all trans chess players. The news wasn’t widely reported until yesterday, shocking many notable chess players across the globe.

In their regulation posting, FIDE (pronounced FEE-day) wrote that the participation of transgender players is “an evolving issue in chess” and these new regulations may be changed in the future “in line with research evidence” (it’s not really clear what this is supposed to mean, however.)

I’m gonna walk y’all through how absurd and unnecessary this all comes across to competitive chess players, but because I understand there’s very little context for folks who don’t play competitive chess, it would be wise to answer some of the questions I’m sure have come to mind for those unfamiliar.

For example, I’m sure y’all are wondering: why are there women’s tournaments?

Competitive chess is notorious for being a predominantly-male world. This is not because boys and men are naturally better at chess. It’s primarily because competitive chess has historically excluded and otherwise marginalized women and girls. It wasn’t until the past few decades that sexism in the culture of competitive chess was confronted, and even now, problems persist.

One of those problems is sexual harassment and assault. This year, prominent U.S. grandmaster Alejandro Ramirez was finally investigated after he was accused of assaulting more than half a dozen women and girls, with incidents going back to 2016.

Action was only taken after the insistent advocacy of Jennifer Shahade, a two-time U.S. Women’s Chess Champion and one of the most well-known chess celebrities in the United States.

Ms. Shahade had been sounding the alarm for years, and even with her considerable influence, chess authorities (virtually all men) were reluctant to take action.

And yet, this is still a problem! This week, Chess.com (the world’s leading website for chess competition and news) announced it would be cutting ties with the St. Louis Chess Club after it failed to investigate Ms. Shahade’s claims back in 2020.

St. Louis Chess Club in Missouri is widely considered the nation’s preeminent club after philanthropist Rex Sinquefield started poured tens of millions of dollars back in 2007 and successfully lobbied to get the World Chess Hall of Fame moved to the area. It’s also where Ramirez has primarily spent his professional career, as both a coach and grandmaster-in-residence.

Essentially, for the world of chess, this situation would be like ESPN cutting ties with the New York Yankees after the club failed to investigate numerous allegations of sexual misconduct against the team captain.

Again and again, the message to women and girls in chess has been they are not as welcome as their male colleagues and do not deserve equal support.

Back in March of this year, there was significant controversy at the FIDE Women’s Grand Prix after several players withdrew, in part, because of an astonishing lack of organization by tournament organizers, something that would never occur at a tournament predominantly played by male elite players.

There’s another reason that the world of competitive chess is predominantly male: as with so many other areas of life, women are far less likely to participate due to time-consuming labor such as caregiving. It’s very common to see fathers of school-age children play competitive chess; it’s rare to see mothers in tournaments.

All of this amounts to a competitive playing environment that is far more accessible to boys and men, and it shows. In 2020, FIDE stated that just under 10 percent of its members are girls and women, the vast majority of them being girls under 18.

Ms. Shahade, who has built a sterling reputation in the chess world over the past two decades, has emphasized that girls in chess typically stop playing around 12 or 13 because of the lack of social or parental support.

Because chess is an intense, skill-based discipline, it almost always takes many years to reach the highest levels of competition, and it’s nearly impossible for adults to pick up the game and reach that level. Starting young is essential, and if girls aren’t supported or are sexually harassed or otherwise feel unwelcome, they leave the world of competitive chess, and we lose yet another potential future champion.

Thus, tournaments that are restricted to girls and women have become essential spaces for the development of great players. It doesn’t mean girls and women don’t play in open tournaments (meaning, tournaments open to all genders)—nearly every girl or woman in competitive chess does—but gender-restricted spaces offer safety and dignity and community to learn and grow in the discipline.

This is the same reason for women-only titles. What are titles? Y’all have heard of “grandmaster,” right? That’s a title. It’s earned through a complicated system based on consistent excellence in competitive play. Most chess players will never come close to earning a title. It is exceedingly difficult.

There are four “open” titles (open to all genders), descending in order of difficulty to obtain: grandmaster (GM), international master (IM), FIDE master (FM), and candidate master (CM).

There are also four titles restricted to girls and women: woman grandmaster (WGM), woman international master (WIM), woman FIDE master (WFM), and woman candidate master (WCM).

Gender-restricted titles were introduced to encourage girls and women to stick with competitive chess and recognizing that girls and women face unfair obstacles in their development that are not experienced by men.

It’s important to emphasize that women and girls can earn any of these titles, and some girls and women choose to only earn the open titles and reject the gender-restricted titles. On the other hand, many prominent women players, including Ms. Shahade, a WGM, have encouraged their use to motivate girls to stay with the game.

While it’s understandable that some feminists would be incredulous that there are woman-only titles, it needs to be understood, again, that the world of competitive chess has been historically hostile to girls and women to the point that gender-restricted titles have sustained some participation.

An unfortunate byproduct of this system is that outsiders who are already under the false impression that males have a biological advantage in chess ability perceive the gender-restricted titles and tournaments as confirmation of their perception.

To be clear: there is no evidence that boys and men have a biological advantage in chess. None. Zilch. The belief that girls and women can’t compete with boys and men in chess is deeply rooted in sexism. It holds no water.

I repeat: the reason girls and women are rare at the most elite level of competitive chess is not because of biological aptitude but because of very low rates of participation due to a lack of social support.

I have been playing competitive chess (tournament chess), off and on, since I was a 12 year-old in 6th grade. I won probably a dozen or so tournaments when I was a kid, including a state championship. I am also a trans woman, and I’m telling y’all: trans women do not enjoy a particular advantage in chess ability.

I have played in three women-only tournaments: the 2019 and 2021 U.S. Women’s Opens and the 2021 World Open Women’s Championship. I got my ass kicked in all three tournaments. Soundly. I lost nearly 70 percent of my games. I never came close to even being within shouting distance of placing or winning a prize.

Compare that with my win rate of just over 50 percent of games in open tournaments; I have literally had far more success in tournaments that included men than in tournaments restricted to women.

I am not a bad player. I’m not an amazing player, but I’m decent. I can typically hold my own with a good opponent. But the cisgender girls and women who beat me at these tournaments—including a 9 year-old who didn’t break a sweat—were quite simply better players.

Beyond being transphobic, it is deeply sexist to claim that any person assigned male at birth has a natural aptitude in chess over any player assigned female at birth. The overwhelming majority of chess players understand that chess ability isn’t based on biology, which is why this strikes us as bonkers.

Here’s the kicker, and this is something you’re not going to see in any new reports about this: no trans woman has ever won a FIDE-sanctioned women’s tournament.

It has never happened. This is a “problem” that not only lacks merit but whose premise has never existed.

And there are trans women who do compete at a professional level in women-only tournaments. For example, Yoshe Iglesias of France is a FIDE Master; she’s also the highest rated trans player in the world. She has never won a women’s tournament.

Natalia Vives of Spain (another FIDE Master) and Morgen Mills of Canada (a Woman FIDE Master) represented their countries in the 2008 and 2022 Women Olympiads, respectively. Neither of their teams made it into the Top 10, but moreover, neither of these women had great performances.

Vives won two games out of nine rounds in her Olympiad, and Mills won five games out of 11 rounds in hers.

Strangely, the Wikipedia article for Vives states that she was the runner-up in the 2008 Women’s Olympiad (this is false; Spain did not do well) and the runner-up in the 2008 Catalonia Women’s Championship (I was unable to find evidence for this).

So, there you have it: the closest any trans woman has come to winning a FIDE women-only tournament is a spurious claim that one of the few trans women competing at a high level was a runner-up in a tournament 15 years ago.

I am, of course, hurt over the intentional and unnecessary exclusion of trans women, but I also feel angry on the part of my cisgender sisters in chess who are being insulted by the men who run FIDE and never seem to miss an opportunity to denigrate the ability of women in chess.

There’s another issue here to point out: in these new regulations, FIDE reserves the right to inform tournament organizers that a player is transgender (outing them) and to intentionally mark a transgender player in the FIDE database (again, outing them).

So, for no good reason, if a player is transgender and doesn’t wish to be out, FIDE is essentially banning them from competitive chess. Transgender players, particularly girls and women, are being forced to decide between transgender and being a chess player.

Folks, this is all completely batshit. It is an intentional effort by the leadership of FIDE to marginalize transgender players in competition. I am already hearing from some trans players who are unsure if they’re going to continue with competitive chess, especially with the safety risk.

Ms. Iglesias is currently preparing for the French Women’s Championship, a FIDE-sanctioned tournament that begins tomorrow. FIDE did not give her notice of these new regulations, which go into effect on Monday. She’s not even sure she’ll be permitted to compete.

It’s worth noting that Ms. Shahade, who has been the single greatest advocate for women in chess in the United States, led the way in the U.S. Chess Federation adopting fully trans-inclusive policies back in 2018. No trans woman has ever won a USCF-sanctioned women’s tournament.

“FIDE’s transgender policy is ridiculous and dangerous,” she told me over text. “It’s obvious they didn’t consult with any transgender players in constructing it. It’s also sinister timing that this comes out just as chess is finally reckoning with sexual assault and harassment in chess highlighting the links between misogyny and transphobia is. I strongly urge FIDE to reverse course on this and start from scratch with better consultants.”

Amen.

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Hi, I’m Charlotte Clymer, and this is Charlotte’s Web Thoughts, my Substack. It’s completely free to access and read, but it’s also how my bills! So, please do kindly consider upgrading to a paid subscription: just $7/month or save money with the $70/annual sub. You can also go way above and beyond by becoming a Lifetime Member at $250.